Cementing Intercultural Communication Gaps For Smoother Roads to Research Paper

Cementing Intercultural Communication Gaps For Smoother Roads to Harmony - Research Paper Example Human beings communicate their thoughts and feelings to one another in verbal and non-verbal ways. Verbal communication, or speaking out to another person is often accompanied by non-verbal language which includes facial expressions, gestures, posture, body language and tone of voice. Sometimes, such non-verbal expressions say more than the verbalizations of a person. The way one communicates and receives information matters much in the quality of relationships he or she has with others. Effective communication takes practice and hard work especially for those who are not skilled in interpersonal relations. Several factors need to be considered when communicating: age, gender, relationship to the person, nature of the communication exchange, temperament and personality and even culture. The adage â€Å"Actions speak louder than words† rings true in a variety of situations. In the workplace, people manifest explicit verbal communication and implicit, non-verbal communication (L ee, 2008). Explicit verbal communication takes the form of direct reprimands or written memos to delinquent workers. Implicit, non-verbal communication is more action-oriented. An example is a boss deliberately showing a delinquent worker that he is taking over the tasks formerly assigned to the worker. The boss may not say anything, but the message comes across very clear to the worker that his inefficiency is noted by the boss. In times of conflict, the impact of implicit, nonverbal communication and explicit, verbal communication (that is, the written norm) is never equal. The more visible and stark the image, the more effective the message is delivered and received. Verbal and nonverbal interactions play a part in the effective exchange of ideas. LeFebvre (2008) advises that when speaking, one must also be aware of body language and tone and inflection of voice. She notes that different ideas may be conveyed by simply emphasizing or speaking louder the different parts of the sta tement. Being an active listener helps one understand the message being relayed to him. As the listener, one should hold his response until the speaker is done, and keenly observe nonverbal cues expressed. It must always be remembered that communication is a give and take process. One must learn to wait his turn to be the speaker and the listener. The Role of Culture in Communication Hofstede (1994), a well-known scholar of culture and its effect on people, defined culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind which distinguished the members of one human group from another†¦ Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture† (Hofstede, 1994, p.54 ). This definition shows how much culture has an influence on people, often dictating how they would relate and communicate to others. Consideration of others’ cultural background entails adjustments to accommodate the needs of others and the exertion of effo rt to understand what they want to communicate. On the contrary, disregarding the other’s culture and instead, promoting one’s own, whether it agrees with the other or not can be a source of major conflicts. Even within a specific country, there exist sub-cultures. An example is the Asian culture. Some values are associated as â€Å"typically Asian†, such as honor and integrity. Within Asian countries, some communicative interpretations differ. To illustrate, in one country, being able to look straight into the eye of another person when speaking, means that the person is sincere while in another country it denotes defiance

Finance Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance Assignment - Essay Example However, the performance level is crucial in determining the stock price, but it not necessary that a company that has good financial statement may be the best to invest. This is because the movement of the value of the stock price changes by the activities of the investors, so the investor needs to clearly watch the demand and supply of the stock and invest accordingly. That is way, people say that trading is require full attention of mind and is not luck game. In order to be a successful investor, one should have the quality of asset management. Now, picking a sole asset or playing only with one stock is never a feasible option. Such type of assets are called stand-alone asset and risk associated to them I the stand-alone risk (Brigham 1994 p.156). There are always chances that your value of the stock may go down and you would likely have loss or you may even win. But the probability of success is always uncertain. So most of the investors or traders advice to go for more than two assets and invest in different sectors or companies. So one should make a portfolio of assets, so that value of one stock goes down, the value of others would be might go up and the end you may not lose your money. Therefore, logically investing in securities as portfolio is more beneficial than going for stand-alone securities (Brigham 1994 p.156). ... Fundamental Analysis: Now when an investor would be looking for a company or an industry to invest, he needs to analyze its financial statements such as Income Statement, Cash Flow Statements etc and also its competitors, so that he could among them and then decide. Analyzing past trends and pattern of movement of assets should also done. All such basic analyses when selecting a security is called Analytical modeling. There are basic types of modeling, Technical and Fundamental. The Technical approach is much more simple because it mainly deals with the past trend and by looking it, calculated the expected future value of the asset. Whereas, the Fundamental approach is more studied approach and require more in-depth analysis of assets. The fundamental analysis requires more quantitative analysis involved. The investor must have the knowledge of financial statements and ratios such Earning Per Share (EPS), Sales Per Share (SPS), Return on total Asset (ROA), Return On Investment (ROI) and other liquidity r atios, turnovers etc (BuckInvestor.com). Approaches Now once you get the complete knowledge of the price movement of the knowledge, now the question of how to invest arises i.e. should the investor invest sector-wise or company-wise. In Top-down approach, the investor first looks the entire stock market, how specific industry is performing and then finally at the stock (buckinvestor.com). For Instance, I have invested in Shell Petroleum. Now following the top-down approach I would first analyze the entire stock exchange and look whether the market index points are performing. Are they closing at higher rate or not Then my next step would be to look the performance of Refinery